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      <ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%B1%82"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">物理层</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93%E4%BB%8B%E8%B4%A8"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">传输媒体介质</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%EF%BC%88%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E8%BD%AC%E5%8F%91%E3%80%81%E5%A5%88%E5%A5%8E%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%87%86%E5%88%99-%E9%A6%99%E5%86%9C%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%8F%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">数据通信的基础知识（存储转发、奈奎斯特准则 香农公式）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E8%BD%AC%E5%8F%91"><span class="toc-number">1.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">存储转发</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%A5%88%E5%A5%8E%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%87%86%E5%88%99"><span class="toc-number">1.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">奈奎斯特准则</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%A6%99%E5%86%9C%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%8F"><span class="toc-number">1.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">香农公式</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BF%A1%E9%81%93%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">信道复用技术</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%A0%81%E5%88%86%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-number">1.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">码分复用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%A2%91%E5%88%86%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-number">1.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">频分复用</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BE%8B%E9%A2%98"><span class="toc-number">1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">例题</span></a></li></ol></li></ol>
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        物理层
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    <h1 id="物理层"><a href="#物理层" class="headerlink" title="物理层"></a>物理层</h1><h2 id="传输媒体介质"><a href="#传输媒体介质" class="headerlink" title="传输媒体介质"></a>传输媒体介质</h2><ul>
<li>双绞线</li>
<li>同轴电缆</li>
<li>光纤</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://0-bit.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image-20220623143853238.png" alt="image-20220623143853238"></p>
<h2 id="数据通信的基础知识（存储转发、奈奎斯特准则-香农公式）"><a href="#数据通信的基础知识（存储转发、奈奎斯特准则-香农公式）" class="headerlink" title="数据通信的基础知识（存储转发、奈奎斯特准则 香农公式）"></a>数据通信的基础知识（存储转发、奈奎斯特准则 香农公式）</h2><h3 id="存储转发"><a href="#存储转发" class="headerlink" title="存储转发"></a>存储转发</h3><blockquote>
<p>存储转发计算机网络领域使用得最为广泛的技术之一，以太网交换机的控制器先将输入端口到来的数据包缓存起来，先检查数据包是否正确，并过滤掉冲突包错误</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="奈奎斯特准则"><a href="#奈奎斯特准则" class="headerlink" title="奈奎斯特准则"></a>奈奎斯特准则</h3><p>奈奎斯特定理又称奈氏准则，它指出在理想低筒（没有噪声、带宽有限）的信道中，极限码元传输率为2W波特，其中W是理想低通信道的带宽，单位是Hz</p>
<p>若用V表示每个码元离散电平的数目（码元的离散电平数目是指由多少种不同的码元，比如有16种不同的码元，则需要4位二进制位，因此数据传输率是码元传输率的四倍）<br>$$<br>理想信道下的极限数据传输率 &#x3D; 2Wlog2V<br>$$</p>
<h3 id="香农公式"><a href="#香农公式" class="headerlink" title="香农公式"></a>香农公式</h3><p>香农定理给出了带宽受限且有高斯白噪声干扰的信道的极限数据传输率，当用此速率进行传输时，可以做到不产生误差<br>$$<br>信道的极限数据传输率 &#x3D; Wlog2(1 + S&#x2F;N)<br>$$</p>
<h2 id="信道复用技术"><a href="#信道复用技术" class="headerlink" title="信道复用技术"></a>信道复用技术</h2><h3 id="码分复用"><a href="#码分复用" class="headerlink" title="码分复用"></a>码分复用</h3><p><img src="https://0-bit.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image-20220623145256249.png" alt="image-20220623145256249"></p>
<h3 id="频分复用"><a href="#频分复用" class="headerlink" title="频分复用"></a>频分复用</h3><p><img src="https://0-bit.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image-20220623145429802.png" alt="image-20220623145429802"></p>
<h2 id="例题"><a href="#例题" class="headerlink" title="例题"></a>例题</h2><p><img src="https://0-bit.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image-20220623145528691.png" alt="image-20220623145528691"></p>
<p><img src="https://0-bit.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image-20220623153535913.png" alt="image-20220623153535913"></p>
<p><img src="https://0-bit.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image-20220623145555491.png" alt="image-20220623145555491"></p>
<p><img src="https://0-bit.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image-20220623145605681.png" alt="image-20220623145605681"></p>
<p><img src="https://0-bit.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image-20220623145615501.png" alt="image-20220623145615501"></p>
<p><img src="https://0-bit.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image-20220623145623946.png" alt="image-20220623145623946"></p>
<p><img src="https://0-bit.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image-20220623145630838.png" alt="image-20220623145630838"></p>
<p><img src="https://0-bit.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image-20220623145638620.png" alt="image-20220623145638620"></p>
<p><img src="https://0-bit.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image-20220623153446623.png" alt="image-20220623153446623"></p>
<p><img src="https://0-bit.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image-20220623145646162.png" alt="image-20220623145646162"></p>
<p><img src="https://0-bit.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image-20220623153554922.png" alt="image-20220623153554922"></p>
<p><img src="https://0-bit.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image-20220623145654912.png" alt="image-20220623145654912"></p>
<p><img src="https://0-bit.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image-20220623153629568.png" alt="image-20220623153629568"></p>
<p><img src="https://0-bit.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image-20220623145701868.png" alt="image-20220623145701868"></p>
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      <ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%B1%82"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">物理层</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93%E4%BB%8B%E8%B4%A8"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">传输媒体介质</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%EF%BC%88%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E8%BD%AC%E5%8F%91%E3%80%81%E5%A5%88%E5%A5%8E%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%87%86%E5%88%99-%E9%A6%99%E5%86%9C%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%8F%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">数据通信的基础知识（存储转发、奈奎斯特准则 香农公式）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E8%BD%AC%E5%8F%91"><span class="toc-number">1.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">存储转发</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%A5%88%E5%A5%8E%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%87%86%E5%88%99"><span class="toc-number">1.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">奈奎斯特准则</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%A6%99%E5%86%9C%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%8F"><span class="toc-number">1.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">香农公式</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BF%A1%E9%81%93%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">信道复用技术</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%A0%81%E5%88%86%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-number">1.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">码分复用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%A2%91%E5%88%86%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-number">1.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">频分复用</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BE%8B%E9%A2%98"><span class="toc-number">1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">例题</span></a></li></ol></li></ol>
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